
\begingroup
\centering
\begin{tabular}{lcccccccc}
   \toprule
    & \multicolumn{2}{c}{\makecell{Surname diversity \\ of patent}} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{\makecell{Log distinct \\ surnames of patent}} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{\makecell{Surname dispersion \\ of patent}} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{\makecell{Genetic distance \\ weighted surname \\ diversity of patent}}\\
\cmidrule(lr){2-3} \cmidrule(lr){4-5}  \cmidrule(lr){6-7} \cmidrule(lr){8-9}
                                                & (1)           & (2)           & (3)           & (4)           & (5)           & (6)           & (7)           & (8)\\  
   \midrule 
\multicolumn{2}{l}{\textit{Panel A: Least-squares estimates}} &  \multicolumn{7}{c}{}\\ \cmidrule(lr){1-9}
   Surname diversity                            & 0.020         & 0.011$^{*}$   & 0.021         & 0.012$^{*}$   & 0.020         & 0.012$^{*}$   & 0.020         & 0.010\\   
                                                & (0.019)       & (0.006)       & (0.019)       & (0.006)       & (0.019)       & (0.006)       & (0.019)       & (0.006)\\   
    \\
\multicolumn{2}{l}{\textit{Panel B: Reduced-form estimates}} &  \multicolumn{7}{c}{}\\
\cmidrule(lr){1-9}
   Predicted surname diversity                  & 0.014$^{*}$   & 0.009$^{***}$ & 0.014         & 0.009$^{***}$ & 0.014$^{*}$   & 0.009$^{***}$ & 0.014$^{*}$   & 0.008$^{***}$\\   
                                                & (0.009)       & (0.003)       & (0.009)       & (0.003)       & (0.009)       & (0.003)       & (0.008)       & (0.003)\\   
\\
\multicolumn{2}{l}{\textit{Panel C: Instrumental-variable estimates}} &  \multicolumn{7}{c}{}\\
\cmidrule(lr){1-9}
   Surname diversity                            & 0.067$^{*}$   & 0.040$^{***}$ & 0.066$^{*}$   & 0.041$^{***}$ & 0.067$^{*}$   & 0.040$^{***}$ & 0.067$^{*}$   & 0.040$^{***}$\\   
                                                & (0.039)       & (0.013)       & (0.040)       & (0.013)       & (0.039)       & (0.013)       & (0.039)       & (0.013)\\   
\\
   Sanderson-Windmeijer \textit{F}-stat          & 40            & 40            & 40            & 40            & 40            & 40            & 40            & 40\\  
\\
\multicolumn{2}{l}{\textit{Panel D: First-stage estimates}} &  \multicolumn{7}{c}{}\\
\cmidrule(lr){1-9}
& \multicolumn{2}{c}{\makecell{Surname diversity \\ of patent}} &  &  &  &  &  & \\
\cmidrule(lr){2-3}
   Predicted surname diversity                  & 0.212$^{***}$ & 0.212$^{***}$ &  &  &  &  &  &  \\
                                                & (0.033)       & (0.033)       &  &  &  &  &  &  \\
    \\
   County fixed effects                         & $\checkmark$  & $\checkmark$  & $\checkmark$  & $\checkmark$  & $\checkmark$  & $\checkmark$  & $\checkmark$  & $\checkmark$\\   
   State-Period fixed effects                   & $\checkmark$  & $\checkmark$  & $\checkmark$  & $\checkmark$  & $\checkmark$  & $\checkmark$  & $\checkmark$  & $\checkmark$\\   
   Patent technology field-Period fixed effects & $\checkmark$  & $\checkmark$  & $\checkmark$  & $\checkmark$  & $\checkmark$  & $\checkmark$  & $\checkmark$  & $\checkmark$\\   
   Team size fixed effects                      &               & $\checkmark$  &               & $\checkmark$  &               & $\checkmark$  &               & $\checkmark$\\   
   Observations                                 & 1,451,459     & 1,451,459     & 1,451,459     & 1,451,459     & 1,451,459     & 1,451,459     & 1,451,459     & 1,451,459\\  
   \bottomrule
\end{tabular}
\par\endgroup


